This chapter is a review of the history of intelligence testing and theory as well as a specific description of the theory of multiple intelligences proposed by Howard Gardiner. Armstrong explains the criteria by which an ability can be considered an intelligence. There are currently eight intelligences identified but more have been proposed and await agreement on whether they meet the criteria to be an intelligence. Most tasks require several intelligences working together to accomplish them.
Most people have a complex mixture of intelligence abilities. Usually one or two are dominant and some are practically nonexistent, but they all exist in us to one degree or another. Most people are able to develop any one of them to a competent level through work and proper outside influences. There is as much variation inside the parameters of an intelligence as there is between them and a person does not necessarily have all the attributes of each one to be considered ‘intelligent’ in that ability. I will use my knowledge of intelligences to help me understand my students and this will give me the insight I need to teach them effectively.
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